Save Animals. Say No to Animal Testing! - 1390 Words

Argumentative essay: Save animals. Say no to animal testing! Nowadays, it is a well-known fact that many companies test their products like cosmetics and medicines with animals before production to check their products ’safety and quality. A huge amount of animals are used in research purpose every year. Is it right for human beings to sacrifice millions of animals for testing purpose? Should animal testing be banned? Animal testing is a controversial issue and there is a heated debated about pros and cons of animal testing in society. People hold different points of view. Supporters of animal testing think that animal testing are critical to medical and scientific development. Opponents of animal testing think that animal testing is†¦show more content†¦It is true that many disease have great breakthrough because of animal testing like cancer and diabetes. However, one should nevertheless consider the problem of unreliability. Although there are some similarities between human beings and animals, the genetic makeup of animals and human beings are still not exactly the same (StudyMode, 2012). As human and animals react to medicines and cosmetics in different way, some medicines or cosmetics that are safe for animals may have disastrous effect on human beings and vice versa (StudyMode, 2012). In this way, animal testing is not reliable and the result of animal testing do not totally applicable to human beings. Therefore, it is unreasonable to use medical and scientific development as an excuse to perform animal testing anymore. The third argument that people point out is that animals testing is the most favorable and effective methods to check the quality and safety of different products (Buzzle, 2011). They think there are no more better options if we do not use animals for testing. However, with advanced technology, scientists can invent more alternatives to test product’s safety and do not involve animals for experiment. It is possible to perform tests on human clones and tissues. Animal testing is not the only testing methods and there are many alternatives to ensureShow MoreRelated Animal Testing Needs To Stop Essay990 Words   |  4 Pagesshould stop animal testing. By animal testing, the companies not only violate the animals rights (which is breaking the law), but their testing methods are hazardous which endanger the animals life. Finally, the companies should stop animal testing because each year we lose hundreds of thousands of animals and could make a difference by stopping this cruelty. Stop the animal testing, and save a life. To start with, cosmetic and drug companies should stop animal testing their productsRead Moreanimal testing essay1139 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Animal testing can be defined as the process of using animals in experiments. Normally the research such as biomedical researches, drug tests and toxicology tests are conducted in universities, medical schools, and pharmaceutical companies. Scientists use many types of animals in their experiments such as guinea pigs, hamsters, gerbils, monkeys, chimpanzees, rats, mice, dogs and cats. Around 50-100 millions vertebrates are used in experiments annually and in United States, the number of rats andRead More History and Pros of Animal Testing Essay1233 Words   |  5 PagesHistory and Pros of Animal Testing Abstract: Animal research refers to the use of non-human animals for testing or experimenting on. The first recorded use of animals for testing started with the Greeks in the third and fourth century BC. The use of animals for testing is usually in the basic fields of; biomedical research, security, evaluation and education of a product. It is estimated that almost 50 million—100 million animals are tested on and killed annually, but this is usually done toRead MoreThe Ongoing Issue of Animal Cruelty, Abuse, and Animal Testing1078 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal cruelty is an ongoing issue in today’s society. When we listen to the news and hear about these animals being starved, beaten, and treated poorly our hearts drop and we get a lump in our throat holding back the tears. We see these animals suffer, we see the pain in their eyes begging for our help, we want to put an end to this but we fail to see the bigger picture. Animal cruelty is a more severe and extreme than we think it is. Animal cruelty just is not owners beating their pets. AnimalRead More Medical Research On Animals Essay796 Words   |  4 Pageswould not be accomplished. Animal research has been especially beneficial to the field of medicine. Testing on animals should be accepted in the world of scientific studies because it would provide research for diseases, benefit all mankind, surgical procedures, and finally it would save a lot of time. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;First, animal testing would provide scientists with new ways to treat diseases. Many vaccines for diseases have been found by testing on animals. For example, millions ofRead MoreEssay about Using Animals in Research and Experimentation623 Words   |  3 PagesAnimals should be used for research and Experimentation because if the animals get sick or show any signs of acting abnormal then the scientists know it isn’t safe for humans to use. Animal research has played a big role in nearly every medical breakthrough over the last decade. Animals have the same organ system that perform the same task, which helps determine if what is being tested is safe for humans to use. Most of the medicines animals use the same medicine as humans like antibiotics, painRead MoreImportance of Animal Testing804 Words   |  4 PagesThe use of animals in scientific research has made dramatic improvements in our understanding of the human race. Despite the controversies th at surround this issue, without this process of testing it is certain that much of what is known today towards the quality and quantity of life would remain closed off to us. Over the years, scientists have gained the ability to solve medical problems, cure diseases, and develop vaccines all with the use of animals during scientific research. To believe thatRead MoreAnimals And Society : An Introduction To Human Animal Studies907 Words   |  4 PagesScientifically testing an animal is another way people abuse animals. When testing on animals, it causes them harm throughout their life. In the book Titled â€Å"Animals and Society: An introduction to Human-Animal Studies† by Margo DeMello he explains how animals hurt from birth to their last breathe. DeMello says, â€Å"Animals used for medical experiments and product testing live – from birth until death – often painful, lonely lives in small cages† (p. 237). These animals are kept in laboratories to tes tRead MoreWe Need to Get Rid of Animal Testing742 Words   |  3 Pages21st Century In the 21st century I would get rid of animal testing .Animal research has had a vital role in many scientific and medical advances of the past century and continues to aid our understanding of various diseases throughout the world. There are countless reasons why I would personally get rid of animal testing. Just like everything there are advantages and disadvantages. For example the internet is advantageous because you can find useful information about your city, your homework andRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1445 Words   |  6 Pagesthink twice about animal testing being involved. As long as the item is safe for you to use and works the way you want it to, there’s no problem. Some people may even argue that the results of the experimentation when using animals for testing outweigh the harm to these animals. Unfortunately, for animals they are not treated with respect, because people believe humans are the superior life form and disregard others feelings. Even though many scientists believe animal testing is necessary for research

Our Culture is Defined by those Around Us - 745 Words

Culture is defined to the group of people which learned behavior that has already gave the instruction from previous generation through next generation by imitation and language (Adler 1983 citing Barnouw 1963). Also Schein (1990) describes that culture is a lesson that a group has been studied and solved the problem for internal integration and learnt to survive from external environment for over period of time. For example, behavior, cognition and emotion processes and in the deepest level which is included perception, language and thought processes such as attitudes and feelings. For most of organizations nowadays have to face with an increasing of a diversity of employees which are multicultural employees especially for multinational corporation (MNC) (Fitzsimmons 2013). To deal with different cultures and nationalities, the companies and managers have to learn and understand their employees such as common language, knowledge sharing and performance (Lauring Selmer 2011) then se e how multicultural individuals can help and contribute the organizations (Fitzsimmons, Miska Stahl 2011) and set the policies or principles for employees could be followed (Demo et al. 2012). Firstly, Lauring and Selmer (2011) state that there has an argument about the better ways to increase the performance in the organizations which some researches show that when decision making is improved and have better coordinate, it leads to increase the performance besides other researches argue thatShow MoreRelatedSociology : Defining Human Behavior961 Words   |  4 Pagespaper we will discuss how sociology helps us to understand how human behavior is influenced by social and cultural forces and also, how society and culture are influenced by individual behavior. Sociology provides ways to understand why and how society functions. We ask ourselves how sociology helps us to understand how human behavior is guided by social and cultural forces. First of all, let us look at how sociology is defined. Sociology is defined as â€Å"the systematic study of the developmentRead MoreThe Descent into a Digital Culture900 Words   |  4 PagesThe Descent into a Digital Culture In this century our culture is changing rapidly. Just in the last 30 years alone our scientific understanding, technological achievements, and fragmentation of values has transformed faster than in the previous 100 years alone. With our express style culture change, one has to wonder what will be said about our culture another hundred years in the future. What is the one thing that has defined us as who we are? A section on our slow ascent into socialism may beRead MoreCultural Self Analysis : Canadian Culture861 Words   |  4 PagesSelf Analysis: Canadian Culture Being Canadian is so much more than just the clichà © stereotype of living in igloos, playing hockey 24/7, and drinking Tim Hortans coffee every day. Being a part of the Canadian culture means that all Canadians are unified as one big family. Culture is defined as â€Å"a set of human made objective and subjective elements that have increased the probability of survival, and resulted in satisfaction for the participants† (Samovar, 1991). Every culture has their own attitudesRead MoreCultural Relativism Essay1475 Words   |  6 Pagesdetermined by each culture can be described as conventional ethical relativism. Every culture is entitled to have their own moral laws, beliefs and values, and these will differ from culture to culture. What is moral in one culture could be considered immoral in another, which is something that we must accept. With subjectivism, every individual is given the ability to determine their own morals, which often lead to chaotic consequences. Ethnoce ntric, involves elevating other cultures based one’s culturalRead MoreIndigenous Of Indigenous And Indigenous Americans951 Words   |  4 PagesFor non-Indigenous writers to simply create imaginary Indigenous communities is ultimately disrespectful towards Indigenous Australians. It’s surprising how indigenous cultures have survived through generations and against unthinkable odds, colonisation, assimilation, and intervention. This is all in view of the power of the stories, told by indigenous individuals orally and now through writing. Each indigenous story has an encoded message of law, land, place, knowledge, experience and survivalRead MoreChristianity And The World s Largest Religious Groups On The Planet Essay1476 Words   |  6 Pagesand is ultimately defined by hope. One of the most common beliefs, is that Christianity is all about following the rules and by that alone, you’ll make it to Heaven. Unfortunately for all those people, there’s more that goes into this belief that just â€Å"rule following†. It’s possible-and easy-for anyone to simply follow a set of rules. These are the people who often take the inaccurate legalistic view of Christianity and interpret the laws and regulations incorrectly. With our ever-changing worldRead MoreIs BDSM Still Deviant1605 Words   |  7 Pages Sexuality freedom is the new civil rights we are fighting for this decade. The practice of BDSM has become a hot topic in our society lately since the book Fifty Shades of Grey went public in 2011. BDSM is an acronym for bondage/discipline, dominance/submission, and sadism /masochism. The term BDSM is defined as a variety of erotic practices involving power play. Now because this term does not cover everyone in the kink community, known as an umbrella term, people are now startingRead MoreEssay about Cultural Universals672 Words   |  3 Pagesbelieve your design for life has already been made and there are those that choose to believe the outcome of your life is what you make of it. Every choice you make redesigns your life’s path. I choose to believe in the saying â€Å"life is what you make it†. After reading each meaning I can understand why I choose to make the decisions I make on a daily basis. Material Culture is the man-made possessions in society, such as our cars, computers, and cell phones. Society has rapidly adapted toRead MoreEssay The Combination of Society and Culture893 Words   |  4 PagesCombination of Society and Culture Without delving into deep sociological theories of the nature of society, we can consider human societies as any community of individuals who are united together by a common bond of nearness or intercourse and are those who recognize each other as associates, friends and acquaintances. Individuals who play certain roles and the relationships between each role form the society itself. The complexity of society makes it difficult for us to identify our relationships. GenerallyRead MoreEssay about Socialization and the Learning of Gender Roles886 Words   |  4 Pagessocialization refers to the â€Å"lifelong social experience by which individuals develop their human potential and learn culture.† [Macionis et al. p 55] The concept of socialization is that our actions are driven/learned by culture. Socialization is also the foundation of personality, which we build by internalizing our surroundings. Through the lifelong process of socialization, society transmits culture from one generation to the next. A good example of socialization is the learning of gender roles. Anthropologist

Ineffective Methods of Dealing With Refugees

Question: Discuss about theIneffective Methods of Dealing With Refugees. Answer: Current Methods of Dealing with Refugees are Ineffective Introduction The thorny issue of refugees is a worldwide problem that has not been contained. War and natural disasters are the main culprits that force people out of their countries. It is unfortunate that some well-resourced countries are unwilling to relieve the refugee burden from the third world countries that have the lions share of the refugees. It is clear that the methods of dealing with refugees are ineffective. People who are seeking a safe place from their war-stricken countries are finding it impossible and are resulting in dangerous and illegal methods. This paper looks at Turkey and the Syrian refugees. Turkey has been the haven for Syrian refugees since the war broke out. This mass movement is contributed by the geographical distance of Turkey from Syria. The paper explores the methods being used to address the refugee crisis and why they are ineffective. The paper explores the advantages of having refugees and the disadvantages. Refugees are strenuous to a countrys resources, and they can also pose a security risk. A country can also use the same refugees to its advantage. The refugees can be used as sources of labor and to build relations between the country of origin and the hosting country. The lasting solution to the issue of refugees is solving the conflicts and ending the war, but this has failed. Current methods are ineffective and only push the refugees to the extremes. Human smuggling would be a thing of the past if proper measures were to be taken and asylum seeking made easier (Schuler,2014). Ineffective Methods The recent statistics show that the number of refugees from Syria to Turkey has hit 2.6 million (UNHRC.2015). The financial strain has been felt due to the fluctuating number of refugees. Resources in this country continue to decrease. The Syrian refugees continue to live in abject poverty due to unemployment. Despite the new policy on work permits for Syrian refugees, the plan is yet to be implemented. Syrians continue to work illegally with low wages and no protection from exploitation (International,2014). A talk held at TedGlobal by the refugee activist Antonio Geteres (2015) revealed that 90% of Syrian refugees in Turkey are living below the poverty line. It is a struggle for survival(Codell,2011). According to Antonio, refugees have the right to be protected. Resettlement of refugees is one of the greatest issues in Europe. Antonio Guteres(2015) attributes this to lack of solidarity among the European countries. Most countries are unwilling to take up their international responsibilities. They prefer to give donations rather than take in the refugees. This method is ineffective. The donations are temporary solutions to the problem. The countries should be focusing on how to provide settlement for refugees, build new hospitals and schools to accommodate the increasing number of the population. The European nations should be willing to shoulder the burden of the refugees in solidarity. As long as they continue to bury their heads in the sand, Turkey and other countries will continue to be overburdened. It is inhumane to dictate the number of people a country can take in (Wintour,2014). A country should make the necessary adjustments to accommodate more refugees (Antonio,2015). Effective Methods There are some methods of handling refugees that have been successful in Turkey. The 900- kilometer wall has helped to reduce illegal immigrants from Syria. Refugees are a threat to a countrys security is unregulated. This wall is heavily guarded, and any refugee has no access without screening and documentation. This step is a great measure to protect the citizens of Turkey from terrorism. Mercy McGrath of USAID told Reuters that Turkey has the best humanitarian response in the world. This act of kindness can make the country vulnerable to attacks. This wall that separates Syria and Turkey has gone a long way in protecting the countrys interests. The proper entries into the country are well guarded with the necessary screening equipment. Citizens can cohabit with the refugees without tension. There have been organized workshops to discuss the challenges faced by the refugees. An example is the Ankara workshop held in Turkey. Brainstorming and trying to come up with long-term solutions is a great way forward. Such forums generate ideas that result in significant progress. A forum like TEDGLOBAL brings together like-minded individuals who contribute to the worlds solutions. One such individual is social scientist Alexander Betts (2016).In his talk about how to fix refugee handling systems, Alexander talks about how treaties about refugees being collective responsibilities have been ignored. He goes further to condemn inhuman humanitarian responses like detaining child asylum seekers. An enabling environment will help these refugees to thrive and not just to survive.(Betts,2016). Solutions to the refugees crisis can be derived from forums like these with people who have an in-depth understanding of the refugees. Conclusion The refugee situation is not about to end. Great minds like Alexander and Antonio have pointed out the failure of the refugee handling system. They have gone further to give recommendations, but all these will only remain ideas if the stakeholders are unwilling to implement the rules and the treaties. It is no doubt that refugees are a burden. This, however, does not mean they cease to be human beings with rights (Guterres,2015). Countries are unwilling to issue refugees with visas, and they result to dangerous routes. Countries are unwilling to give refugees working permits, and as a result, they continue to live in deplorable conditions. Asylum seeking is almost impossible in most countries. The current methods of dealing with refugees are ineffective, and they will continue to be, until the problem of refugees become an international responsibility (Guterres,2014). Some countries are opening up and are willing to stretch their resources to accommodate the refugees. Turkey has been of great help to Syria and more policies are still being developed to accommodate the increasing number of Syrian refugees. There is still so much to be done. New methods should be adopted to ease the suffering of these refugees in the world(Zetter,2007). Resettlement should be a priority for all countries. References Amnesty International (2014), Struggling to Survive: Refugees from Syria In Turkey London: AI Betts, A. (2016), Our Refugee System is Failing: Here is how we can fix it. Geneva: TEDGLOBAL Codell, J.(2011), Predicting meaningful employment for refugees: The influence of personal characteristics and developmental factors on employment status and hourly wages. Retrieved from https://www.library.unsw.edu.au/ Guterres, A. (2015),Refugees have the right to be protected .Geneva: TEDGLOBAL Schuler, L.(2014),The exclusion of asylum seekers in Europe: Center of migration policy and society Retrieved from https://www.library.unsw.edu.au/ Zetter, R. (2007),More labels, fewer refugees: Remaking the refugee label in an era of globalization, journal of refugee studies 20(2).172-192 Wintour, P (2014),UK Agrees to Take up to500 of the Most Traumatized Syrian Refugees .The Guardian retrieved (January 28) from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/28/syria-refugees-uk-agrees-up-to-500 Guterres, A.(2014),Statement at Launch of Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan for Syrian Refugees. Retrieved from https://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/search?page=searchdocid=54b3c8f99query=syria

Leonardo Da Vinci Essays (178 words) - Giftedness,

Leonardo Da Vinci Everyone has heard of the Mona Lisa, but less well-known than Leonardo's painting are his notebooks. They show that he was a designer and scientist way beyond his time. He drew his visions of the aeroplane, the helicopter, the parachute, the submarine and the car. It was more than 300 years before many of his ideas were improved upon. The notebooks are where Leonardo recorded his own ideas as well as existing designs and philosophies for reference. They were never intended for publication. After his death in France on 2 May 1519, Francesco Melzi, his pupil, brought many of his manuscripts and drawings back to Italy. Melzi's heirs, who had no idea of the importance of the manuscripts, gradually disposed of them. Despite this, over 5,000 pages still exist in Leonardo's 'mirror writing', from right to left. Over the centuries the sheets have been split up, and few notebooks survive in anything like their original form. Some even remained undiscovered until 1966, when they were found by chance in the archives of the Biblioteca Nacional, Madrid.

Free essays, dissertations and coursework Essays - Education, Theses

Free essays, dissertations and coursework Our free essays, dissertations and coursework have been donated by students all over the world to help you with your studies. Browse through the collection by subject or use the search box above to look for something specific. Free essays, dissertations and coursework Our free essays, dissertations and coursework have been donated by students all over the world to help you with your studies. Browse through the collection by subject or use the search box above to look for something specific. Free essays, dissertations and coursework Our free essays, dissertations and coursework have been donated by students all over the world to help you with your studies. Browse through the collection by subject or use the search box above to look for something specific. Free essays, dissertations and coursework Our free essays, dissertations and coursework have been donated by students all over the world to help you with your studies. Browse through the collection by subject or use the search box above to look for something specific. Free essays, dissertations and coursework Our free essays, dissertations and coursework have been donated by students all over the world to help you with your studies. Browse through the collection by subject or use the search box above to look for something specific. Free essays, dissertations and coursework Our free essays, dissertations and coursework have been donated by students all over the world to help you with your studies. Browse through the collection by subject or use the search box above to look for something specific. Free essays, dissertations and coursework Our free essays, dissertations and coursework have been donated by students all over the world to help you with your studies. Browse through the collection by subject or use the search box above to look for something specific. Free essays, dissertations and coursework Our free essays, dissertations and coursework have been donated by students all over the world to help you with your studies. Browse through the collection by subject or use the search box above to look for something specific. Free essays, dissertations and coursework Our free essays, dissertations and coursework have been donated by students all over the world to help you with your studies. Browse through the collection by subject or use the search box above to look for something specific. Free essays, dissertations and coursework Our free essays, dissertations and coursework have been donated by students all over the world to help you with your studies. Browse through the collection by subject or use the search box above to look for something specific. Free essays, dissertations and coursework Our free essays, dissertations and coursework have been donated by students all over the world to help you with your studies. Browse through the collection by subject or use the search box above to look for something specific. Free essays, dissertations and coursework Our free essays, dissertations and coursework have been donated by students all over the world to help you with your studies. Browse through the collection by subject or use the search box above to look for something specific. Free essays, dissertations and coursework Our free essays, dissertations and coursework have been donated by students all over the world to help you with your studies. Browse through the collection by subject or use the search box above to look for something specific. Free essays, dissertations and coursework Our free essays, dissertations and coursework have been donated by students all over the world to help you with your studies. Browse through the collection by subject or use the search box above to look for something specific. Free essays, dissertations and coursework Our free essays, dissertations and coursework have been donated by students all over the world to help you with your studies. Browse through the collection by subject or use the search box above to look for something specific. Free essays, dissertations and coursework Our free essays, dissertations and coursework have been donated by students all over the world to help you with your studies. Browse through the collection by subject or use the search box above to look for something specific. Free essays, dissertations and coursework Our free essays, dissertations and coursework have been

Demo speech essays

Demo speech essays As I walk into the room, the ringing of my phone and my side of the conversation. Has this ever happened to you? You get a call and you need a quick gift for an unexpected visit to a sick friend or relative. And weve all had the need for a gift for someone who is So hard to buy for. Or perhaps your pocket is a little low on dough around the holidays; you still need to give a gift! Thats why today I am going to show you how to make a gift jar As a child, I always made gifts for family and friends; then I grew up and decided that a store bought gift was much better. I realized I was forgetting about birthdays, I was needing a gift for someone I wasnt necessarily close with or someone who had just caught the flu. Well instead of running to the store, once again I began making gifts, Gift Jars. Regardless how my checkbook looks, I still find it much more rewarding to make most of my gifts. I have had tons of positive feedback, people really enjoy receiving something that took time and effort. Today I am going to show you an example of a quick and inexpensive heartfelt gift jar. When it is mixed up and baked by the recipient, it will be appreciated for its thoughtful convenience and ease of preparation. So, sit back and think of your favorite cookie mix, and youll see just how easy it is to put together a gift jar. I: THE FIRST STEP TO MAKING A GIFT JAR IS TO CONSIDER WHO YOU ARE GOING TO GIVE IT TO. A. Most everyone likes cookies, so cookie recipes are always good choices. B. You might have someone who is on a special diet, or an elder who perhaps cant have many sweets, so you might try a hearty soup mix, which also makes a unique gift in a jar. C. You can get ideas for gift jars from a website, Cookieinajar.com.. ...

Vegetarian Diets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Vegetarian Diets - Essay Example In looking at the dietary construction of a vegetarian lifestyle, the purpose of the choice is as important as the results of that choice. The choice to avoid animal products can have benefits to the body and also contribute positively to the environmental impact that processing animal products has on the Earth. There are categories of vegetarianism in which food choices are eliminated according to the decisions that an individual makes about their eating habits. Maurer defines a lifestyle that still includes some animal products such as fish and dairy as a semi-vegetarian lifestyle. An ovo-lacto vegetarian will not consume fish, but still consume eggs and dairy. A vegan will eat nothing that comes from animals and limit their intake to those products that come from plant life. Vegans will typically not use any product that comes from an animal for any purpose in their life, including wearing clothing that has an animal based textile. The choice to be vegan is very often as much a social choice as it is a nutritional choice. Becoming fully vegan is very difficult in the modern world as even something as simple as a magazine will use gluten as a part of the process of creating the photographs within its pages (Maurer xxi). Maurer contends that vegetarianism should become social because vegetarian groups are essential to having the latest information on ways in which animal products are used in daily life. Although the social issues that surround vegetarianism are important, Maurer states that â€Å"In North America, most people begin the path to vegetarianism for health reasons† (4). She further quotes from a study done by Yankelovich, Clancy and Shulman conducted in 1992 in which 46% of those interviewed chose vegetarianism for health reasons, 15% for animal rights reasons, 12 percent for other ethical reasons, and the remaining for

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

International Business - Essay Example These economic activities are vital since they (international trade) significantly lead to the increase in the growth of the gross domestic product (Elms, & Low 2013). This is the primary essential meaning of the GVC at the international and at the global levels. The report of this analysis concentrates on how individual countries benefit from the global value chains. The essay further investigates how the GVC affects the growth. In an essence, the provision of GVC within a country opens the ways of individual companies and organization to trade globally. This goes a long way in contributing to the creation of their value chains; it also gives them the opportunity to hire employees that are more competent. Iit further gives them an advantage of learning from other countries and organizations thereby developing a good culture that leads to individual prosperity and success of companies. Big companies operating under the GVC often have an advantage since they can easily get access to t he market thus having a big market share. This leads to bigger profit margins which allows them to higher technical employees, get access to modern technology, and gain competitive advantage. This is contrary to small countries and companies which survive in the Market. GVC is of little benefit since it exposes them to the competition from the companies that are already established (Gereffi, Humphrey, & Sturgeon 2005). The most competitive employees go to big companies, which are established to pay them (potential employees) as they want. There are various factors on which the dependence of the potential impact of the global value chain is inclined. First is the type and nature of the global value chain. A beneficial value chain is one which provides an opportunity from which countries and industries can learn. Without the provision of the capability of learning, the industries themselves will stagnate and never have the opportunity of advancing. The GVC should also be one, which is elastic; this is to say that the product of goods and services offered and provided by the company within a particular locality should provide opportunity of growth of other products. This gives the opportunity of industrial expansion for other industries and other businesses. According to the World Economic Forum (2013), industries in developed countries like Japan dealing with electronic equipments have had the potential of expansion to deal with other technological things. For instance, phone-manufacturing companies have often expanded to make computers and other visual and electronic devices. This is contrary to industries in other small countries which only specialize in the assembly of these machines. Their capabilities are confined to assembly and not in the manufacture of innovation of various technologies which can enable them to expand to other endeavours. The other factor is the type of business and the environmental factors in the host country and economy. It is importa nt to determine whether there is an environment friendly to industrial learning, and the skilful management of the firms. The firms must also be willing to invest in developing new skill by investing in the workforce (Koopman, Powers, Wang, & Wei 2011). This is done by continuous and ongoing trainings in a firm. It is also important to note that the benefit of the global value chain in a country is determined by whether local firms have the capability of competing in their local countries. Local competition is the stamina that can determine

Interdependence and Independence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interdependence and Independence - Essay Example Unlike independent-self which focuses on individual responsibility separate from the entire society, interdependent self-concept emphasizes shared responsibilities. The main tenet of interdependence self-concept is the reliance that exists among individuals in the society for survival and mutual development. Interdependence self-instills the idea that people are not alone in their attempts at mental growth and development. People also provided support for one another to grow socially. Interdependent self-concept also promotes responsibility sharing by encouraging individuals to take various roles, which contribute to the development and growth of the society. Interdependent self-concept is also crucial for overcoming fear. Unlike independence, which puts an individual against the rest of other members of the society, interdependence promotes cohesion among society members, thus helping individuals to experience lower levels of fear and insecurity. The recognition of the fact that one has the support of others remains crucial for alleviating negative feelings, which could yield fear in individuals. Support for each other is only possible in a society where people feel close to each other and the society is characterized by high level of interdependence. Interdependence also promotes good and meaningful relationships. Interdependence promotes strong ties between individuals, both personal and professional, which is deficient in independent self-concept. In independent self-concept, people often emerge as overly self-reliant, which jeopardizes the chances of forming positive bonds among individuals.

Analysing Critiques of globalisation

Analysing Critiques of globalisation Critiques of globalisation argue that as a result of failures to deal with risks to international stability, the basis of global order has been at risk and political and economic disorder like that that followed the collapse of 19th century globalisation may not look impossible. Do you agree? Globalization is the background of the present world. Our economic, political and the social status in the second decade of the twenty first century would not have been possible without considering the global context of free markets and the information technology. Many scholars have defined globalization viewed through lens of different perspectives towards the world. Blackmore (2000) defines globalization as, increased economic, cultural, environmental, and social interdependencies and new transnational financial and political formations arising out of the mobility of capital, labour, and information, with both homogenizing and differentiating tendencies, (Blackmore, 2000, p.133); while Hill (2009), puts more emphasis on the economic, asserts, globalization refers to the shift toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy, (Hill, 2009, p.6). This paper will briefly describe the history of glabalization followed with a review of the two phases of globalization in the nineteenth and the twentieth century where in one phase was seen prosperous while the other was the end of globalization. Subsequently, laying out the current situation whether or not it is parallel to the failures of globalization. Drawing upon an opinion thereby, on the same, alongwith rational elucidations. Critiques have argued that globalization is not something that happened 200 years ago, it can be traced back to the 16th century during the emergence of the pinnacle of capitalism (Robertson, 1997). According to Friedman (2005), globalization can be viewed in three phases: globalization phase one (1492- 1800) was the globalization of countries, globalization 2 (1800-2000) was the globalization of companies and globalization 3 (2000 till now) is the globalization of people. However, Broadberry and ORourke (2010) state that the period between 1870 to 1914 reflected as the high water mark of the nineteenth century globalization. Globalization in the nineteenth century encompasses interregional transfers of goods, people and capital. The preeminent way to measure the levels of integration is the rising amounts of international flows of economic activity for e.g. the ratio of comodity trade to Gross Domestic Product (GDP), number of people migrated to total population and the cost of movi ng goods across continents. European international trade was growing at a 4.1% a year between this period (Bordo et al., 1999) while the global output rising from 10% in 1870 to about 20% in 1914. This was the first phase of globalization which was accompanied with extraordinary prosperity. Countries who were involved in the global markets during this phase had narrowed the gap between wealthy and poor nations. Japan, for e.g., in the seventeenth century had completely cut off itself from the world permitting only one Dutch ship a year to land and involved in small amount of trade. In 1870, Japan was a a backward country where the average income of a person was less than a quarter of that in the United Kingdom (U.K.). However, as a result of fully involving in the global market in 1868, Japans income was able to increase at 1.5% compared to 1% of growth rate for U.K. (Mishkin, 2006). Countries like China and India were deprived of the industrial capability as they were not able to enter the global economic system. Desolately, between 1914 and 1918, a atrocious war stopped all this and globalization descended and international trade, investment and migration all collapsed. Furthermore, all the attempts to resuscitate the worlds economy was unsuccessful due to series of collapses. Global markets were disturbed and disengaged. The technological developments of the 1900s and innovations were at a standstill while the declining consumption dejected the developments of even the existing technologies such as the automobiles (Ferguson, 2005). The great depression in 1929 in the United States (US) had rapidly spread throughout the world. This was the worst recession that the nation suffered after the world war one causing immense economic devastation and with unemployment at a peat of 25% in the US. The economic collapse in Germany and Italy introduced the fascists and Nazis into power (Mishkin, 2006). China capitulated to civil war and foreign invasion and similarly Russia also underwent dictatorship as well as foreign invasion. The scenario even deteriorated further with the world entering the worst nightmare imaginable, a second world war. From 1939 to 1945 more than fifty million people died of which half of them were innocent civillians (Mishkin, 2006). Towards the 1940s most of the states in the world including the ones who retained political freedoms, had forced borders on trade, migration and investment. Some states assumed autocracy, a perfect scenario of a deglobalized world. Schloars till date argue about the causes of world war one and have explored various factors for the outbreak yet there seems to be no uniformity between these suppositions. International instability was one of the prime reasons for the occurrence and as Ferguson (2005) states that there are five factors which triggered the global explosion between 1914 and 1918. The first cause was the imperial outstretch. The british empire lacked the will of building an army which would be capable of discouraging Germany from posing as a threat to the European hegemony. Great-power rivalry was the second cause of the disaster. The distress of the Russion army buildup influenced Germany to fight in 1914 rather than risk waiting any longer. Unstable alliance system was the third dreadful factor. Although there were alliances in profusion however, these were precarious. The Germans did not trust the Austrains to help them in a crisis situation and the Russians were apprehensive about getting agitated by French. The U.K. was unpredictable as there were no provisions for the possibility of war in Europe. Such insecurities fortified the risk taking diplomacy. The fouth factor was the presence of the rogue reigm sponsoring terror which further influenced the instability. The assassination of the Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914 was the most apparent cause for the break out. His assasination triggered in Austria-Hungarys declaration of war against Serbia which further caused Germany and other allies with Serbia to declare war with each other. The last factor is the rise of a revolutionary terrorist organization antagonistic to capitalism resulted in a counterattack against the free global market. The bolsheviks was committed to use voilence to bring about world revolution. The war gave Lenin and his allies the opportunity and they used the most brutal terrorist strategies to win the subsequent civil war (Ferguson, 2005). As a result to deal with risks of failures of interna tional stability, globalization failed after the first world war. Globalization is a multifaceted process that involves different people to percieve it differently, depending on whether we belong to a poor country or we belong to a rich country. Parallely, in the nineteenth century, globalization was a contradictory force with benign and malignant features. Bordo et al (1999) states that, globalization has acceralated post crises recovery faster and the trade tensions and financial instability has not been worse comparitively. Frankel (1999) highlights that there are three key reasons for the growth and development in trade in the twentieth century: lower government trade barriers, growth of emerging markets and lower transportation costs. Also, there are no figures to compare the trade in services for the period before the first world war as trade then was significantly smaller than now. While Krugman (1995) asserts that, The general picture of world integration that did not exceed early-twentieth century levels until sometime well into the 1970s is thus broadly confirmed. In the last decade or so, the share of trade in world output has finally reached a level that is noticeably above its former peak. Nonetheless, it would be hard to argue that the sheer volume of trade is now at a level that marks a qualitative difference from previous experience, (Krugman, 1995, p.133). The rise in the multinational organizations have also contributed to the global economy, well, there were multinational organizations in the nineteenth century also however, the development has been only in the last few decades. Multinational organizations mitigate the informational obstacles to exchange hence serve to expand international trade. As pointed earlier, the second phase of globalization was the globalization of companies (Friedman, 2005). Krugman (1995) also asserts the development of small states with distinctively high GDP ratios, for e.g., Hongkong, the World Trade Organization listed it as the worlds largest exporter in 1997. Another significant factor for integrating world markets is the continual cut down on the transportation costs. Technological innovations like bulk shipping, containerization and delivery mechanisms have reduced the loading time thereby proving efficient driving the cost reductions (Lundgren, 1996). Air transport has also contributed to the shipping of goods and commodities in international trade. Hummels (1999) articulates that the transport costs on air cargo have dipped by about 15 percent around the 1975-93 period. Multilateral trade negotiations concluded with the foundation of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) which helped to reduce the avergae tariffs to about 5 percent (Bordo et al., 1999). There are noticable similarities between the first phase of globalization that is before the first world war began and now. The economic and the social history of international relationships seems to be a optimal approach of comparing the then and now phase of globalization to be able to conclude. The following section deals with some of the economic and the social resemblences of the past and the present. Today the free trade orthodoxy is the same as in the period before 1914. The major economies are extremely protectionist about agriculture. Then, U.K. had enforced no tarrifs on imported agricultural commodities whereas now, the US, the European Union and Japan practice tariffs to protect their farmers from international competition. Previously the monetary system was based on gold while currently there is a flat currency system. The techonolocal innovations of today are acceralating given the sufficient research and development however, these innovations are also helping enemies of globalization. Earlier, terrorists would borrow revolvers and primitive bombs but now an entire city can be demolished with a single nuclear device (Ferguson, 2005). Currently U.S. has the worlds biggest economy which is an important factor for the rest of the world. While that fact remains, the personal savings rate at 0.2% of their disposable personal income in 2004 which is 7.7% less than what it was fifteen years ago. The U.S. depends heavily on foreign lending as the net overseas debt has risen steeply to 25% of GDP. On the contrary, previously U.K. was the net exporter of capital, controlling high proportions of its savings internationally to finance the construction of infrastructure where as today, U.K. is the worlds debtor gripping three quarters of the worlds surplus savings (Bordo et al., 1999). As per the HSBC group state that the current U.S. deficit is 3.2% of the GDP (Palmer, 2010) which could push the external liabilities to as high as 94.3% of GDP (Toscano, 2011). During the second world war U.K. accumulated external liabilities which was half of this percentage, which was one of the reasons the pound declined and lost its reserv e currency status. Economists suggest that lowering the U.S. deficit to 2% GDP would require a 20% decline in the dollar. Obviously, there would be huge repercussions of such a dollar crash and this briefly states how the international flat-money system is dangerously disposed to a catastrophe. On the political front, Ferguson (2005) states that the same five factors, mentioned earlier, are present in todays international order: Imperial overstretch The U.S. is strikingly overstretched. Apart from the economic front, the U.S. empire also has a personnel deficit, only about 500,000 troops can be deployed overseas which is not even adequate to triumph over the small wars that U.S. currenlty has or will have. 43 percent of the troops currently in Iraq are from the reserves. Great-power rivalry China doesnt have any obvious reason to start a war with U.S. however, Chinas objective with regards to Taiwan will not fade away only for a reason that Beijing owns a stack in U.S. Treasury bonds. Nevertheless, China might want to take over its errant province in the event of an economic crises. Going back to the past, Taiwan and Belgium somewhat are in the same position as a country where empires ended up fighting as well as North Korea which resembles to Serbia during the nineteenth century with neuclear weapons. Unstable alliance system Based on the economic condition in Europe, it is bound to deteriorate. Europe has been altered based on the migration of Muslims and the prospect of Turkeys agreement to the European Union which also has consequences on the gap between Americans and Europeans getting wider. Presence of the rogue reigm sponsoring terror A rogue reigm constitues of large conservative militry power and the one that supports international terrorism and / or seeks weapons of mass destruction (Tanter, 1999). Iran, Iraq, Syria are considered as the rogue states also involving in revolutionary terrorist organizations. Revolutionary terrorist organization Al Qaedas members perhaps can be refered to as Islamo Bolshevists instead of Islamo facist based on their commitment of reordering the world and who oppose capitalism. Hypothetically, if the these Islamic extremists get control of a wealthy country like Saudi Arabia, it would result in the same scenario that Lenin was in, in 1917. On the contrary, Osama Bin Laden declared that his prime focus is to see the U.S. go bankrupt, consequently making him the present day Lenin. While considering the above suppositions, we can propose that an armageddon is likely. The crisis over Taiwan would result in huge shockwaves throughout the international system which could also lead to a great power war or the revolutionary regime change in Saudi Arabia would disturb the world order even more than during the first world war or even the stated mission of Osama Bin Laden to destroy America would disrupt the economic activities entirely. During the phase of the first world war, investors knew that there could be a world war however, did not when exactly would it happen. We are currently at the same junction where we all know that a catastrophe is possible however do not know when would it happen, similar to the recent disaster in Japan. Based on the above stated factors, I agree that as a result of failures to deal with risks to international stability, the basis of global order has been at risk and political and economic disorder like that that followed the collapse of 19th century globalisation may not look impossible.

Bad Neighbor Policy: Washington?s futile war on drugs in Latin America?

Book review: â€Å"Bad Neighbor Policy: Washington’s futile war on drugs in Latin America† Edited by Ted Galen Carpenter Overview Introduction  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3 I Modest results after thirty years of war  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4 The war on drugs consequences on the drugs crops cultivation  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4 The war on drugs consequences on the Latin American opinion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5 II The American strategy on the drug war: definitively a bad strategy?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8 The United States’ strategy on the war on drugs  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8 The causes of the American’s strategy failure  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  9 III Is â€Å"legalisation† the solution for a decrease in the amount of drug in the united States’ streets  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  12 Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  14 Sources  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ... ...ica, some countries have already talked about this solution: Jamaica in 2001, Uruguay in 2001, Mexico, Colombia†¦ Will those countries have the courage to face the United States on this issue? In Europe Does that means, that the world starts the pace of drug legalization? I still stay sceptic on this position. Conclusion To conclude, Ted Galen Carpenter shows in his book the failure of the thirty years war on drugs conducted by the United States in Latin America. A failure which is illustrated by the constant production of drugs in Latin America, the accentuation of scourges as poverty and corruption†¦ We can say that the United States’ strategy follows Say’s theory: the demand is conducted by the supply. However, as we have discussed about. This theory can not be applied on drugs market, as we have to take into consideration the dependence of drugs products. Sources   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Bad neighbor policy: Washington’s futile war on drugs in Latin America†, Ted Galen Carpenter,2003.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.narconews.com/   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.cannabisnews.com

Observation of Different Photons When Elements Are Heated (Chem Lab)

Observation of Different Photons when Elements are Heated Introduction: The bright line spectrum is the range of colorful lights that are emitted from an atom in its excited state. A â€Å"normal† atom, or an atom in its ground state, is when all of the atom’s electrons are in their proper energy level. When an atom is in its excited state, electrons jump to different energy levels making them unstable. As the electron tries to get back to its respective energy level, energy is emitted in the form of light (photons).Every element emits a different color that can be categorized into the bright line spectrum. Different elements give off different colors when heated because they all have different chemical properties, therefore, they will react differently under high temperatures. For example, [1] strontium, lithium carbonate, and strontium carbonate are often used in fireworks to create a red color. Calcium may be used to create orange, sodium for yellow, aluminum for whi te, barium chloride for green, copper for blue, strontium and copper for purple, and titanium for silver.Even though all elements give off unique colors when heated, it is impossible to identify all elements with the naked eye by doing this test because you have to know what color the element burns and sometimes the elements emit very similar colors. In this experiment, five known elements will be put under extreme heat to observe the color of the light emitted. Then, three unknown elements will be determined based upon the results of the known elements. Materials: 1. 2. Bunsen burner 3. Matches 4. Forceps 5. Wooden toothpicks 6. Sample of liquid calcium 7.Sample of liquid barium 8. Sample of liquid lithium 9. Sample of liquid sodium 10. Sample of liquid strontium 11. Three unknown liquid samples Procedure: 1. Turn on the gas for the Bunsen burner and light it with a match. 2. Using the forceps, take a toothpick and dip it into the calcium sample. Hold it in the sample for a few sec onds to make sure that the sample has soaked in. 3. Stick the toothpick into the flame from the side, still using the forceps. 4. Record the color seen. 5. Repeat steps 2-4 for the rest of the samples. 6. Turn the gas off. 7.When finished, compare the results of the known elements to the unknown elements to determine what they are; they will have the same color. [1]- http://chemistry. about. com/od/fireworkspyrotechnics/a/fireworkcolors. htm Results: Element Tested| Color it Burned| Determined to Be| Calcium| Orange| -| Barium| Yellow| -| Lithium| Red| -| Sodium| Yellow-Orange | -| Strontium| Darker Red | -| Unknown 1| Orange | Calcium| Unknown 2| Yellow| Barium| Unknown 3| Red| Lithium| Conclusion: In conclusion, the unknown elements were able to be determined because their emitted color matched those of calcium, barium, and lithium.This method for determining different elements in a controlled experiment, however, I don’t think this method would be effective for determining any unknown element. There are many elements and they may burn unique colors but often times, they are similar. For example, while performing this experiment, it was difficult to determine if unknown element1 was calcium or sodium because they both burned an orangey type color. It is possible that the toothpicks used in this lab got contaminated because someone may have touched them with their hands.If this is the case, then the elements may have burned a different color than they were supposed to. When performing this experiment, it was observed that the colors of the flames of each sample were different. This is because each element has a different chemical property. For the element that burned a similar color, this may be because they have similar, but different, chemical properties. This method of identifying elements in real life may be used when looking at fireworks. Fireworks are different elements set on fire; the different colors that are seen are the different elements re turning to their ground state.

Egyption Tomb 5 Essays - Ancient Egyptian Mummies, Free Essays

Egyption Tomb 5 Essays - Ancient Egyptian Mummies, Free Essays Egyption Tomb 5 Early Western Civilization Egyption Tomb 5 Egyptologists had lost interest in the site of tomb 5, which had been explored and looted decades ago. Therefore, they wanted to give way to a parking lot. However, no one would have ever known the treasure that lay only 200 ft. from King Tuts resting place which was beyond a few rubble strewn rooms that previous excavators had used to hold their debris. Dr. Kent Weeks, an Egyptologist with the American University in Cairo, wanted to be sure the new parking facility wouldnt destroy anything important. Thus, Dr. weeks embarked in 1988 on one final exploration of the old dumping ground. Eventually he was able to pry open a door blocked for thousands of years, and announced the discovery of a life time. "We found ourselves in a corridor," he remembers. "On each side were 10 doors and at end there was a statue of Osiris, the god of the afterlife." The tomb is mostly unexcavated and the chambers are choked with debris, Weeks is convinced that there are more rooms on a lower level, bringing the total number to more than 100. That would make tomb 5 the biggest and most complex tomb ever found in Egypt, and quite conceivable the resting place of up to 50 sons of Ramesses II, perhaps the best known of all the pharaohs, the ruler believed to have been Mosesnemesis in the book of Exodus. The Valley of the Kings, in which Tomb 5 is located, is just across the Nile River from Luxor, Egypt. It is never exactly been off the beaten track. Tourism has been brisk in the valley for millenniums: graffiti scrawled on tomb walls proves that Greek and Roman travelers stopped here to gaze at the wall paintings and hieroglyphics that were already old long before the birth of Christ. Archaeologists have been coming for centuries too. Napoleon brought his own team of excavators when he invaded in 1798, and a series of expeditions in 19th and early 20th centuries uncovered one tomb after another. A total of 61 burial spots had been found by the time the British explorer Howard Carter opened the treasure-laden tomb of King Tutankhamun in 1922. Britains James Burton had burrowed into the site of Tomb 5 in 1820, and decided that there was nothing inside. A dismissive Carter used its entryway as a place to dump the debris he was hauling out of Tuts tomb. In the late 1980s, came the proposed parking area and Weeks concern. His 1988 foray made it clear that the tomb wasnt dull as Burton said. Elaborate carvings covered walls and referred to Ramesses II, whose own tomb was just 100 ft. away. The wall inscriptions on the companion crypt mentioned two of Ramesses52 known sons, implying some of the royal offspring might have been buried within. Then, came last months astonishing announcement. For treasure, the tomb probably wont come to close to Tuts because robbers apparently plundered the chamber long time ago. No gold or fine jewelry has been found so far, and Weeks does not expect to find any riches to speak of. The carvings and inscriptions Weeks and his friends have seen, along with thousands of artifacts such as beads, fragments of jars that were used to store the organs of the deceased, and mummified body parts which tell historians a great amount about ancient Egypt during the reign of its most important king. "Egyptians do not call him Ramesses II," Sabry Abd El Aziz, director of antiquities for the Qurna region said. " We call him Ramesses al-Akbar which means Ramesses the Great." During his 67 years on the throne stretching from 1279 B.C. to 1212 B. C., Ramesses could have filled an ancient edition of the Guinness Book of Records all by himself: he built more temples, obelisks and monuments; took more wives(eight, not counting concubines) and claimed to have sired more children (as many as 162, by some accounts) than any other pharaoh in history. He presided over an empire that stretched from present-day Libya to Iraq in the east, as far north as Turkey and southward into the Sudan. Today, historians know a great deal about Ramesses and the customs of his day. However, the newly explored tomb suddenly presents scholars with all sort of puzzles to ponder. For one thing, many of the tombs in the Valley of the Kings are syringe-like, plunging straight as a needle into the steep hillsides. For reasons nobody yet knows, says

Instability and Division of Yemen

Instability and Division of Yemen Issues and the Target Audience being Addressed Yemen is one of the countries that have experienced the Arab Spring protests witnessed in other countries such as Tunisia, Egypt and Libya. According to Swift (2012, p. 21), these protests started soon after the Tunisian revolution.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Instability and Division of Yemen specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Yemenis, just like other Arabs in other parts of the world, were motivated by the success achieved by the civilians in eliminating the autocratic rule in Tunisia. This was in early 2011. When it started, the protestors demanded that the government should not modify the constitution as had been pre-planned. They claimed that such modifications would grant the president absolute powers. The government stopped its plans to modify the constitution in order to pacify the protestors. However, this did not take them away from the streets of Sanaâ⠂¬â„¢a, Yemen’s capital city. They came up with a new demand to justify their stay in the streets. They wanted the long-serving President Ali Abdula Saleh out of office. They accused him of being an autocratic leader who was not concerned about the well-being of the society. The protestors used bombs and other weapons to target the senior government officials, including the president and his family. They succeeded in forcing him out of office in late 2011 (Bennett, 2015, p 14). In 2012, a democratic election was conducted in the country and Rabbuh Mansur Hadi became the president. For a while, all seemed well as the new regime took power. In 2013 and early 2014, the country experienced minor cases of protests in the major streets, especially following some of the landmark decisions made by the president in the cabinet. The year 2014 saw the emergence of Houthi rebels who came up with new demands. By September 2014, the Houthis had taken control of the country’s capital city. The UN intervened, and the rebels agreed to withdraw their forces from Sana’a. However, in 2015, things got worse.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Houthi rebels once again took over the city, putting the president under house arrest in February 2015. The president fled to the southern town of Aden. According to Khaled (2015, p. 11), the Houthis have become so violent in their protests. Having taken over power, they are now moving to southern provinces in order to consolidate their power. This war has drawn the attention of many neighboring countries, making it a policy issue. Iran has been accused of supporting the Houthi rebels. However, Saudi Arabia led other GCC countries to support the ousted government. This paper is specifically addressing the GCC states annual summit. This issue in Yemen is no longer about poor leadership. The long-serving president was ousted in 2011, and a democratically elected president came to power. However, the killings and militant’s rule are still prevailing in this country. The rebels are supported by a neighboring country. Houthi rebels are spreading their rule of terror to Southern parts of Yemen. If this issue is not addressed within the shortest period possible, then the country will be under the rule of the rebels. Their rule will be a security threat to other GCC states. These are people who do not respect the law. They may attempt to spread their rule of terror to neighboring states. This will bring instability in the entire region. For this reason, the GCC states summit must act now to counter this group as fast as possible. Background: The Context and Importance of the Issue The crisis in Yemen has reached a very critical stage. People are dying and the country has become ungovernable. According to Sengupta and Gladstone (2015, p. 13), what is worrying about this situation is that the rebels do not know what they want. They lack a clear justifiable agenda as to why they are in the streets.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Instability and Division of Yemen specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They wanted a change in the regime and they were able to achieve this in 2011. They participated in an election where a president was elected unopposed. Through this election, the Yemenis made their voices heard. It will be important to critically analyze these events in order to understand why there is turmoil in Yemen even after the rebels achieved their objective of changing the leadership of the country. Overview of the root causes of the problem According to Zavis (2015, p. 4), the uprising that intensified in 2011 calling for a change of regime was similar to the events witnessed in other Arab countries that were demanding for a democratic rule. However, the current mayhem caused by the Houthis goes beyond the desire for democratic governance. The current political unrest in Yemen is a policy issue that GCC state summit should investigate and find an appropriate solution to before the country is declared a failed state. For instance, it will be important to investigate why Iran is supporting the Houthi rebels. A successful election was held in the country and many people expected that the country will experience political stability (Bennett, Hennigan Zavis, 2015, p. 2). The Houthis do not have a just cause to wage a war against a democratically elected government. It is therefore, worrying that the Iranian government is supporting them in such wars by providing them with sophisticated weapons. The biggest question that needs an answer is the interest of the Iranian government in having a politically unstable Yemen. Analysis The GCC states summit needs to intervene in the ongoing crisis in Yemen. Regional governments, led by Saudi Arabia, have already started a military action against the Houthi rebels. This is an option that can help stabilize the country and the entire region.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In fact, Melinda (2015, p. 8) says that the military actions led by the Saudi government will offer a lasting solution to this problem, especially if it succeeds in installing a government with a military capacity to counter the rebels. However, its weakness is that it may result in deaths and destruction of properties in the country that will affect its economy. The United Nation brokered a deal in 2014 that was accepted by the rebels. The deal involved formation of a coalition government that brings together all the leaders from the north and south regions (Smart, 2015, p. 9). It worked for a while, but the rebels changed their minds and took over power. The benefit of this option is that it eliminates deaths and destruction of property that is common when a military action is taken. The main weakness of this strategy option is that it is prone to abuse by those who have superior military capacity. Potential courses of action This problem must be addressed as a policy issue, espec ially following the entry of outside forces, including the dreaded ISIS fighters. The GCC states summit should consider taking either of these options. The GCC states summit should broker a deal with the government and rebel leaders to form a unity transition government that should last for six years. Within this period, the country will prepare for an election. The winner in that election will become the accepted leader of the country. If the first option fails, then the six federal governments should be given more executive powers to govern themselves. The six countries will then choose one leader to act as the head of state. The head of state should not have executive powers. In both options, there should be a clear warning to either side that a breach of the agreement will be met with a full military action. Any external players such as Iran and ISIS should be warned against playing any role in this peace arrangement. Policy Recommendation According to Tisdall (2015, p. 5), th e GCC states should understand that with Houthi rebels in power in Yemen, the security of the entire region will be at risk. This is specifically so because it is not yet clear who is sponsoring the rebels besides the Iranian government. Ellwood (2015, p. 2) says that the Iranian government has not yet justified why they are supporting the rebels. The following policy recommendations should be given serious considerations. The GCC states should slap the Iranian government with trade sanctions as long as they are still supporting the Houthi rebels. This will help in limiting the weapons and financial resources used by the rebels. The GCC states summit can take advantage to address the problem that ISIS poses in the region. Given that the ISIS is also against the rebels, the GCC leaders can seize the opportunity to find a common solution in the entire region that will bring an end to the constant bloodshed in the region. In case diplomacy fails to achieve the desired results, then th e military intervention may be the last resort as a means of bringing stability to the country. References Bennett, B. (2015, March 14). Joint Statement by the United States and Yemen. Los Angeles Times, p. 14. Bennett, B., Hennigan, W. Zavis, A. (2015, April 16). Saudi-led Yemen air wars high civilian toll unsettles U.S. officials. Los Angeles Times, p. 2. Ellwood, P. (2015, March 30). Policy: Peace and stability in the Middle East and North Africa. The Guardian, p. 4. Khaled A. (2015, March 25). The Crisis in Yemen: What You Need to Know. The New York Times, p. 11. Melinda, B. (2015, February 12). Yemen facing forgotten crisis as humanitarian disaster looms. The Guardian, p. 8. Sengupta, S. Gladstone, R. (2015, April 15,). U.N. Envoy in Yemen Conflict Says He Will Resign. The New York Times, p. 13. Smart, J. (2015, April 1). Yemen profile – Timeline. British Broadcasting Corporation, p. 9. Swift, C. (2012, March 18). The Crisis in Yemen: al-Qaeda, Saleh, and Governmental Instability. Foreign Policy Research Institute, p. 21. Tisdall, S. (2015, March 26). Iran-Saudi proxy war in Yemen explodes into region-wide crisis. The Guardian, p. 5. Zavis, A. (2015, April 16). Al Qaeda seizes Yemen airport, military base; U.N. envoy resigns. Los Angeles Times, p. 4.

Literature Review of Business Coaching Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Literature Review of Business Coaching - Essay Example In order to go through a brief overview, books, published articles, journals, and online sources have been consulted and an attempt has been made to discuss various coaching models to identify the competencies of Human Development Model as best practices for business coaching. 2. Coaching Clutterbuck & Megginson, (2005:7) defines that â€Å"Coaching is an opportunity to call halt to the frenetic pace of doing and to re-focus on being. It enables people to challenge their routines, to take a critical look at what they are doing and why, to identify and commit to new performance goals and to work out how to overcome the barriers that prevent them being more effective in their work roles". Executive coaching is an interim interactive course of action associated with a coach and a manager to enhance the efficient leadership capabilities through the process of self-awareness and execution of new behaviors. This coaching wires the managers to develop their knowledge, skills, tools, and pe rspectives in the course of assistance, encouragement, and response in the organizational perspective. According to Hall, Otazo, & Hollenbeck (1999), clarity, honesty, and innovations play the key role in successful coaching process but Pilette and Wingard (1997) had different assertion. They mentioned that perception styles, behaviors, and insight for change were the main elements of executive coaching. In literature, coaching and mentoring have been used by many writers interchangeably however there are many scholars who have differentiated them with respect to activities (Burdett 1998; Minter and Thomas 2000). King and Eaton (1999) have described the role of coaching as to support the employee in terms of his or her emotional state and remedial of short term personal problems which are hazards to his or her job performance while Burdett (1998) and Hansman (2002) have taken the mentoring as a long process that emphasizes on the career progression and issues related to different as pects of the whole life. Pearson (2001) agreed with King and Eaton (1999) and distinguished the two processes mainly on the basis of time. For him, mentoring has broad perspective and deals with long term arrangements while coaching (may be some external support and not be part of same organization) is a short term discipline with limited role for the instantaneous performance improvement of organization. He deduced that mentors council whereas coaches instruct their recipients. 3. Coaching: A Literature Review 3.1 Coaching Competencies, Skills, and Responsibilities: Competency is basically an ability of managers to do work at workplaces. Meyer (1996:34) defines competency as the â€Å"integration of knowledge, skill and value orientation, demonstrated to a defined standard in a specific context†. Smit and Cronje (2002:18) were agreed with Meyer and referred to a competency as the related skills, knowledge, and value orientation which a manager is supposed to do. For Weiss (2 003:10) a majority of managers who fail to perform well in a particular business environment, struggle not on account of less knowledge or technical expertise somewhat they struggle due to having a low level competencies. He further defines the competency

The science of Addiction - psychology Assignment

The science of Addiction - psychology - Assignment Example It provides an insight of chemical interaction that takes place at the synaptic level that causes the drug user to feel â€Å"high†. The most interactive and yet knowledgeable was â€Å"Mouse Party†. It is self-explanatory and provides an in depth understanding about the 7 most dreaded drugs of abuse causing addiction encompassing: LSD, Cocaine, Alcohol, Methamphetamine, Marijuana, Ectasy, Heroin. Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter located in our Central Nervous System making it one of our most important neurotransmitters. Another neurotransmitter of CNS called Norephinephrine is manufactured from dopamine. Dopamine, along with Norephinephrine, plays an imperative role in attention and focus. Drugs affecting attention and focus affects the signaling pathway of dopamine and therefore many of the aspects of the website focus on the neurotransmitter Dopamine which is also called as â€Å"happy neurotransmitter† responsible for the feeling of pleasure, attachment, sense of altruism and integration of thoughts and feelings. Moreover deficiencies of Dopamine cause anhedonia, lack of ability to feel love, sense attachment to another, lack of remorse about actions, distractibility. Thus dopamine play imperative role in the control of movement and therefore the website emphasized a lot on dopamine. The action of various drugs is well explained on this site under the section â€Å"How Drugs Can Kill†. This states that drugs are toxic substances and long-term drug abuse can badly affect the health of an individual, on the other hand even a single dose can be detrimental. E.g. Heroin is the cause for maximum deaths due to overdose of the drug. Under normal conditions the respiratory balance is maintained by excitatory and inhibitory signals by glutamate and GABA respectively, but a toxic dose of heroin enhances the inhibitory effect of GABA which reduces the breathing and

Philosophy paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

Philosophy paper - Essay Example In this proposition, my major premise is ‘All mortals die’ while my minor premise is ‘All men are mortal.’ Meanwhile, my conclusion will be ‘All men must die.’ In this syllogism, the main issue of concern is mortality. It seeks to justify the claim that all human beings are destined to death upon the end of their lifetime. For a very long time, philosophers have debated the issue of mortality. However, as a matter of fact, everyone dies. As a natural occurrence, human beings can not do anything about death. Once a time reaches, they eventually die regardless of the actions they take (Sober, E., 2001). The main proposition claims that no single creature can enjoy a perpetual life. Meaning, because they are created, they can be uncreated. This is a common feature of the living organisms which have to undergo a well defined life cycle starting from conception, birth, growth and death. This is because they can not live permanently. Therefore, by saying that all mortals die, it simply means that any living creature can not live forever. Instead, it reaches a point when their mortal lives must come to an end. After all, they are not immortal, but mortal creatures whose lives can come to an end at any given time. As for the minor proposition, it is asserted that all men are mortals. This is a right argument because human beings are part of creatures that do not enjoy a permanent life, but live for a limited duration of time. Since most philosophers subscribe to the Biblical accounts of creation, it is apparent that human beings are part of God’s creatures. This signifies that they are subject to manipulation by their creator. Just like all the other creatures, they are destined to live for a shorter time before their lives eventually come to an end. This is a clear indication that they are mortals. Therefore, their lives are terminated

Introduction to Organic Chemistry Essay Example for Free

Introduction to Organic Chemistry Essay Amines are compounds composed of nitrogen atoms bearing alkyl or aromatic compounds. Amines undergo interesting reactions, one of which is with the reaction with nitrous acid producing an azo dye. In this study, the experiment focused on synthesizing an observing the physical properties of Sudan-1. Sudan-1 is of the most common dyes found in waxes, oils and in some food ingredients specifically curry and chilli powder. Furthermore, this study aimed to understand the mechanism behind the synthesis of 1-phenylazo-2-naphtol. To be able to synthesize Sudan-1, preparation of phenyldiazonium chloride solution and ÃŽ ²- naphthol solution were done. Ingrain dyeing was also done in this experiment. The synthesis of Sudan-1 has a two-step reaction – diazotization and coupling reactions. Diazotization is the formation of diazonium salt, meanwhile, the coupling reaction took place when an activated aromatic compound, ÃŽ ²-naphtol was reacted with the diazonium salt, benzene diazonium chloride, to form the azo compound known as the 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol. As a result, an orange-red precipitate was formed after series of reaction. Hence, all the said objectives in this experiment were achieved. Amines are compounds that are composed of a nitrogen atom bearing alkyl or aromatic groups. They are basic and nucleophilic because of their lone pair. They occur both in plants and animals. Amines produces some of the most interesting effects and of the common reaction of aminewith nitrous acid producing a dye[4]. Alizarin, for example is a red dye extracted from madder root used by Egyptians and Persians. However, in this experiment, it aimed to produce a dye commonly known as Sudan-1. Sudan-1 is a lysochrome with the chemical formula 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol. It is a powdered substance with an orange-red color. This azo dye is most commonly found in waxes, oils, and also in some food coloring ingredients – curry powder and chili powder. However, the presence of Sudan-1 in most foods now is currently being banned because it has been classified to be carcinogenic. This experiment focused on synthesizing of 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol which is a two-step reaction. The first reaction is the reaction of aniline with nitrous acid, which is called diazotization and second, the reaction of diazonium salt and beta-naphtol to form azo dye which is the coupling reaction. Figure 1 Diazotization Reaction of Aniline to Produce a Diazonium Salt Figure 1 Diazotization Reaction of Aniline to Produce a Diazonium Salt In diazotization reaction, there is a formation of diazonium salts. This reaction is made possible when a primary aromatic amine is treated with nitrous acid. Then in coupling reaction, the electrophilic substitution reaction of a diazonium salt with an activated aromatic ring formed a azo compound specifically an azo dye.[3] The main objective of this study was to be able to synthesize Sudan-1. Also, it aimed to characterize the azo dye with its most distinguishing physical properties. Furthermore, this experiment also aimed to understand the mechanism behind the synthesis of Sudan-1. Figure 2 Coupling Reaction of Benzene Diazonium Chloride with ÃŽ ² -Naphthol Figure 2 Coupling Reaction of Benzene Diazonium Chloride with ÃŽ ² -Naphthol Aniline was reacted NaNO2 crystals under acidic condition using HCl in a cold temperature. The solution was done in a very cold temperature because the phenyldiazonium intermediate easily decomposes back to its aniline counterpart at a slightly high temperature; hence the temperature of the solution was maintained in an ice bath below 5Â °C. Rock salt may also be added to the ice bath to maintain the temperature. However, in this experiment, no rock salts were added instead constant monitoring of the temperature was done. ÃŽ ²-naphthol solution was used as a coupling reagent in synthesizing Sudan-1. In preparing ÃŽ ²-naphthol solution, ÃŽ ²-naphthol was dissolved in 5% of aqueous NaOH and was also cooled in an ice bath below 5Â °C, this was to avoid the decomposition of the compounds. The main reaction that occurred in the preparation of phenyldiazonium chloride solution was diazotization reaction. Diazotization is the reaction between a primary aromatic amine and nitrous acid at cold temperatures to diazonium salt compound.[2] Figure 1 below is the reaction exhibited by the phenyldiazonium chloride solution. As this experiment aimed to synthesize Sudan-1, two steps are done. The first step would be the reaction of a primary aromatic amine to produce a diazonium salt as seen in Figure 1. The second step, then, is the reaction of the diazonium salt with a strongly activated aromatic syste,l known as coupling reactions. Azo coupling is the reaction between a diazonium compound and aniline, phenol or other aromatic compound which produces an azo compound.[5] In this experiment ÃŽ ²-naphthol couples with the diazonium salt. Figure 2 below shows the coupling reaction of the benzene diazonium chloride with ÃŽ ²-naphthol and having the product of Sudan-1. Furthermore, figure 3 below is the summary of reactions of the synthesis of Sudan-1 in this experiment. Figure 3 Summary of Reactions in Synthesizing Sudan-1 Figure 3 Summary of Reactions in Synthesizing Sudan-1 In this experiment, a filter paper was used to undergo ingrain dyeing. Ingrain dyeing is an irreversible chemical reaction of the diazonium salt solution and the activating aromatic solution. An orange-red filter paper was produced after such procedure. The presence of orange-red color in filter indicates the presence of the azo dye (see appendix for the orange-red filter paper produced). The Sudan dye is synthesized right in the spaces between the filter paper such that they are permanently trapped inside the fiber spaces of the filter paper.[2] After mixing the phenyldiazonium chloride solution with the ÃŽ ²-naphthol solution, an orange-red paste-like solution was formed. Furthermore, the mixed solution was also reacted at a temperature not exceeding 4ËšC for 1-5 minutes. Afterwards, the mixture was also filtered was washed with several portions of water to filter the product, Sudan-1. Recrystallization was also done when the filtrate was steamed bath after dissolving it with 95% hot ethanol. AS a result, orange-red crystals were formed which is the Sudan-1 product. The crystal appeared to be orange-red in color due to the N=N bond present in Sudan-1. The N=N is responsible for the absorption of light thus reflecting a color which is orange-red. The structure of Sudan-1 is shown in Figure 4 below showing the N=N bond of the compound. The N=N is known as the chromophores which are responsible for the color. The –OH group attached in the structure is also responsible for enhancing the orange-red color. The –OH functional group is known as the auxochrome, which modifies the ability of the chromophore to absorb the light.[1] Figure 4 Structure of Sudan-1 Azo-compounds, compounds with general formula Ar-N+=N-Ar-, are coupling products from the reaction of diazonium salts with amines. The general reaction pattern for Sudan synthesis first undergoes diazotization reaction and then coupling reaction with highly activated aromatic compounds. In this experiment, the diazotization reaction of aniline with NaNO2 and HCl yielded a diazonium salt, benzene diazonium chloride. Furthermore, the diazonium salt then underwent coupling reactions with an activated aromatic ring which is ÃŽ ²-naphthol. The coupling reaction yielded an azo compound which is most commonly known as the Sudan-1 with an IUPAC name of 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol. As a result of the reactions in this experiment, an orange-red color of solution was produced. This experiment aimed to understand the reactions that underwent to synthesize Sudan-1; as a result, figure 3 was the summary of reactions. As a physical result, orange-red colored crystals were produced representing the azo compound, Sudan-1. However, some minor errors will not be ignored in this experiment. Some errors like human errors might have affected the results in yielding a pure azo compound. One human error, would be the measuring of the reagents used to yield the said product. Also, the misreading of some measurements may have also affected the results of this experiment. Also, some impurities in the chemicals used will also not be ignore, since this impurities may have led to a not so visible side reactions in the said experiment. After being said and done, all the said objectives in this experiment were met.

Free Othello Essays: Women as Victims in Othello :: GCSE Coursework Shakespeare Othello

Women as Victims in Othello Othello is a play that only contains three female characters. Their roles vary and it would be an exaggeration to categorize them all as victims. However, there are similarities between the three women. [1] The least involved woman in Othello is Bianca[2]. Her relationship with Cassio does not appear to be full of commitment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "What keep a week away? Seven days and nights?"   It could be argued that Cassio used Bianca somewhat.[3] The manner in which he asks for a favor creates an impression that he is experienced at sweet-talking her.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Sweet Bianca, take me this work out" The way that Cassio initially addresses Bianca is rather sycophantic, especially as the task is so menial. Therefore, the role of Bianca and her relationship with Cassio is poor. It appears that he uses her and shows little affection, only when he wants something.[4] Emilia's role is more complex in Othello. Iago likes to dominate Emilia and in many respects uses her quite badly. However, she also proves that she can be strong and show control.[5] Halfway through Act 3 Scene 3 Emilia and Iago have their first moment alone together. Iago doesn't use any romantic setting for his wife.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "now now what do you here alone?" This lack of affection, straight to the point attitude continues throughout their conversation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "A good wench, give it to me." Throughout their conversation Iago's attitude towards Emilia has no respect. He doesn't talk to her like a husband but more like an employer. Emilia may be typecast as a victim early in the play but she shows real strength at the closing stages of the play. Despite the dominance that Iago has over her she manages to undermine his position and bring about his eventual downfall. Her strength can be clearly seen in her lines   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "She give it Cassio! No alas, I found it and I did give't my husband." Her strength and determination to punish Iago leads to her death though in this respect she may be seen as a victim. In her only moment of strength she was struck down. Iago's language towards Emilia gives an impression that she may be a victim.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Villainous whore!" and "good wench" He rarely complements her. Desdemona enjoys a much more loving relationship with her husband. Othello even says he is dependant on her. Free Othello Essays: Women as Victims in Othello :: GCSE Coursework Shakespeare Othello Women as Victims in Othello Othello is a play that only contains three female characters. Their roles vary and it would be an exaggeration to categorize them all as victims. However, there are similarities between the three women. [1] The least involved woman in Othello is Bianca[2]. Her relationship with Cassio does not appear to be full of commitment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "What keep a week away? Seven days and nights?"   It could be argued that Cassio used Bianca somewhat.[3] The manner in which he asks for a favor creates an impression that he is experienced at sweet-talking her.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Sweet Bianca, take me this work out" The way that Cassio initially addresses Bianca is rather sycophantic, especially as the task is so menial. Therefore, the role of Bianca and her relationship with Cassio is poor. It appears that he uses her and shows little affection, only when he wants something.[4] Emilia's role is more complex in Othello. Iago likes to dominate Emilia and in many respects uses her quite badly. However, she also proves that she can be strong and show control.[5] Halfway through Act 3 Scene 3 Emilia and Iago have their first moment alone together. Iago doesn't use any romantic setting for his wife.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "now now what do you here alone?" This lack of affection, straight to the point attitude continues throughout their conversation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "A good wench, give it to me." Throughout their conversation Iago's attitude towards Emilia has no respect. He doesn't talk to her like a husband but more like an employer. Emilia may be typecast as a victim early in the play but she shows real strength at the closing stages of the play. Despite the dominance that Iago has over her she manages to undermine his position and bring about his eventual downfall. Her strength can be clearly seen in her lines   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "She give it Cassio! No alas, I found it and I did give't my husband." Her strength and determination to punish Iago leads to her death though in this respect she may be seen as a victim. In her only moment of strength she was struck down. Iago's language towards Emilia gives an impression that she may be a victim.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Villainous whore!" and "good wench" He rarely complements her. Desdemona enjoys a much more loving relationship with her husband. Othello even says he is dependant on her.

Comparing the IMC programs of ARC and P&G

Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 The Procter & Gamble and its â€Å"Thankful Mom† campaign 4 1. 1. Target audience of â€Å"Thankful Mom† campaign MIMIC objectives of â€Å"Thank you Mom† campaign 5 Marketing MIX of â€Å"Thank you Mom† campaign 6 Measuring MIMIC Outcomes 7 2. American Red Cross organization and 2009-2010 year campaign 9 2. 1. 2. 2. MIMIC objectives of American Red Cross campaign 10 2. 3. Marketing MIX of American Red Cross campaign 11 2. 4. 15 3. Analysis of MIMIC practices between the ARC and P&G organizations 15 References 17 Procter & Gamble Company and American Red Cross organization on U. S. Market.The documentation analyses idea and thought of Integrated Marketing Communication (MIMIC) in present business pattern and need, critically assess the parts, capacities and devices of MIMIC all hands on deck/nature's turf, evaluate the patterns and business sector authority on MIMIC; how new patterns will offer effect to the business, analyze the developing issues and difficulties of MIMIC in the worldwide commercial center. The first and second chapter describes the MIMIC program P and ARC, target audience, objectives, tools and results. In the third chapter the analysis and comparison of communication activities. . Procter and its â€Å"Thank you Mom† campaign Procter & Gamble Co. – an American organization, one of the world pioneers in the purchaser products market. The organization is one of the heading organizations in the United States by the volume of benefits and business promotion. P is the world's biggest publicist; the expense of promoting surpasses $ 8 billion. P&G is considered organization originator of brand administration. Presently, the organization claims 23 brands with worldwide deals in abundance of 1 billion dollars, and an alternate 20 brands with deals above $ 500 million.It is these 43 brands are he motor of development of the organization and give yearly deals development. P &G required re-building solid buyer esteem over its brands to help drive deals. To drive deals crosswise over brands and classes, P&G required a profoundly better approach to ponder making extra customer esteem for its brands. For the 2010 Winter Olympic Games in Vancouver, Canada, P&G Joined to be a supporter of the US Olympic Team and appeared the first corporate battle – ‘Thank you Mom' with the extremely fruitful Ð’Â «KidsÐ’Â » and ‘You'll Never Walk Alone' ads.Emulating the achievement of that sponsorship, P marked on as a full International Olympic Winter Olympic Games. 1. 1 . Target audience of â€Å"Thank you Mom† campaign The enormous thought is arrange around the buyer – for the most part women – in the part they interestingly play as parental figures and family stays – as moms – in a manner that has worldwide reverberation – through association with the yearnings of the Olympics. Regardless of which type of segmentation scheme we use, the key is adjusting the marketing program to recognize customer differences.The major segmentation variables?geographic, demographic, cryptographic, and behavioral segmentation (Kettle and Keller, 2012) (Table 1). Main Dimension Segment Break down Geographic Metropolitan Areas Cities throughout the U. S. Density Urban, countryside Demographics Age Cohort 18 and higher Gender Female Race All races Life Stage Adult Birth Era Generation X and Y Family size 1-2 and more Residence Tenure Rents or Owns Household Income irrelevant Education Occupation Cryptographic Personality family-centered Values Family, parenting, housework Table 1 .Target Market Analysis Compiled by Author To do this, P would be doing what it had never done previously: heading with the corporate brand. It would put P before the brands that individuals love and trust. Surprisingly, P would be focusing on its center crowd, women 18+, with a brand battle from an organization that most had never given more than a passing suspected. For this activity, the target demographic was the 85 million mothers that live in the U. S. P, through its brands, has a 170 or more year history of engaging mothers to be their best and likes the commonplace reparations mot. . 2. MIMIC objectives of â€Å"Thank you Mom† campaign The general promoting correspondences methodology was to make a valid association for P to the Olympic Games in a manner that would permit it to emerge from different supporters. From the beginning, the association in the middle of P and the Olympic Games did not exist. P is not in the matter of sports gear or games drinks. Anyway, for more than 170 years, P has been in the matter of helping mothers. Along these lines, while the various backers concentrated on praising the competitors, P would praise the mothers behind the players.The PR arrangement of substantial demonstrations of administration was Judged the establishment of the project. The deliberation s showed that ‘P&G Proud Sponsor of Moms' was not a smooth promoting line but instead an authentic route for buyers to e acquainted with P and the way its brand motivation behind ‘touching and enhancing lives all the more totally' aides its activities as an organization. Objectives: 1 . Make a Love Mark. To get women 18+ to choose P (and therefore P brands). Create a stronger emotional connection to P and its individual brands through the Olympic experience. . Generate more than 1 billion impressions during the Olympic and Paralytic Games. Own positive corporate/brand coverage. 3. The most important objective was sales. P aimed big with an unprecedented global incremental sales goal from its Olympics marketing program. . 3. Integrated Sponsorship, for an organization, comprises in supporting a game occasion, a group or a player. This is a correspondence structure that plans to strengthen brand mindfulness create a picture related to the accomplice values.The advancement of Olympic Games sponsorship originates from charity to business. In fact, at first, backers should account the Olympic Games and today, it is more about them to get cash from the promoting they make tossed this occasion. P has supported Team USA at the Winter Olympics in Vancouver and it was the starting point for a successful marketing communication campaign. Public Relations The main distinctive quality of PR is high credibility – news stories and features are more authentic and credible to readers than ads (Kettle and Keller, 2009).Today, if you enter the name of the company (thanks Mom) in the search engine Google, it will give 6,350,000 results. Every woman admires P & G, athletes and respected marketers and Journalists are trying to analyze a given campaign. Word-of-Mouth Word of mouth is very Influential MIMIC tool, because people trust others they know and respect. In addition, word of mouth can be a very intimate dialogue that reflects arsenal facts, opinions, and e xperiences.Again, word of mouth occurs when people want it to and are most interested, and it often follows noteworthy or meaningful events or experiences (Kettle and Keller, 2009). Inside the structure of the fight Ð’Â «Thank you MomÐ’Â », Procter & Gamble likewise offered a Ð’Â «Thank you Mum GiftÐ’Â » to a few moms of Olympian. For some of them, it was the main answer for watch their kid contending at the Olympics. Procter & Gamble likewise made the P Family Home, a spot in the Olympic Village where the players and their families can unwind and appreciate a minute together.Inside the Family Home, the Procter & Gamble gathering could upgrade some of its leader brands, with the Pampers Playground, clothing administrations, an excellence and preparing focus et cetera. There is additionally a magnanimous part where the organization focuses on helping mothers raise the up and coming era of competitors through the formation of its P Team USA Youth Sports Fund. Purchaser s are welcome to backing through social engagement, gifts and support in brand programs from items, for example, Pampers, Tide, Gillette and other.Social Media Picture of Branding Champions: P's Winning Sponsorship of the 2012 Olympic Games speaking of emotive, P&G propelled the foundational segment of its sponsorship, Ð’Â «Thank You, Mom,Ð’Â » around Mother's Day with a two-moment film called Ð’Â «Best JobÐ’Â » that was imparted online and through Youth. The film profiles moms in distinctive nations assisting their youngsters their aggregate trips to achieve the apex of wellbeing, ability and physicality at the Olympic Games while participating in practices that require P items, for example, washing the dishes and doing clothing.  «Best JobÐ’Â » was repressed into organizations proper for TV spots and viral imparting and has been seen by very nearly 13 million customers as everywhere as possible. P further engages purchasers to experience the conclusion and th ank their mothers with a Backbone application that has been utilized to respect more than 30,000 mothers and numbering. 1. 4. Measuring MIMIC Outcomes of â€Å"Thank you Mom† campaign arrangements, creating 2. 6 billion impressions and pulled in sparkling scope from The Today Show, The New York Times and other top national media.A standout amongst the most generally acclaimed crusades of 2010, the completely incorporated Thank You Mom' battle brought about almost $100 million in incremental deals for P&G and the organization's most elevated total U. S. Piece of the pie for the financial year in the JEFF quarter. Business Building Results: The 2010 Olympic Winter Games sponsorship conveyed exceptional business and brand-building results for P: Over $100 million in incremental P deals, P's most astounding total U. S. Ice of the pie for the financial year in the JEFF quarter when the P&G Olympic Games sponsorship was broadcasting live. In view of the accomplishment of the Vancou ver program, P&G turned into a worldwide OIC TOP purport and wanted to execute and stretch the system universal. Marketing Results: Proud Sponsor of Moms' campaign unified 18 brands into a holistic, multi-brand campaign P value was essentially enhanced among the intended interest group of mothers PR Results: 6 billion purchaser impressions from publicizing, computerized and advertising, with 2. Billion accumulated from PR deliberations, More than 2,800 situations including immersion crosswise over national TV shows (e. G. , Today Show, Good Morning America, Entertainment Tonight, BBC World News Tonight) and significant print outlets (e. . , The New York Times, The Washington Post, USA Today, Associated Press, People Magazine, Redbook Magazine, US Magazine and the sky is the limit from there), Coverage in 24 of main 25 DAM (Designated Market Area) markets, First time in P history that unearned media garnered more impressions than paid media.The American Red Cross is an others conscio us affiliation that gives emergency support, disaster help and direction inside the United States. Since its securing in 1881 by visionary pioneer Clara Barton, the American Red Cross has been the nation's head emergency response affiliation. As a peculiarity of a general advancement that offers unprejudiced sympathetic attention to the losses of war, the American Red Cross divides itself by similarly supporting setbacks of decimating standard cataclysms.As the years progressed, the affiliation has developed its organizations, constantly with the purpose of balancing and mitigating continuing. Today the American Red Cross offers profits in five separate areas: gathering profits that help the penniless; trades organizations and comfort for military parts and their relatives; the get-together, planning and dissemination of blood and blood things; educational undertakings on preparation, wellbeing, and security; and overall lightening and progression programs.Coordinated Marketing Comm unications Plan of the Red Cross coordinates all channels, including intelligent/computerized promoting, out-of- home advertising, social, and portable showcasing to fortify the Red Cross brand and expand fiscal gifts among the biggest and most influential era to ever grow up – the Millennial. 2. 1. Target audience of American Red Cross campaign There Millennial serve as the essential focus for the ARC Integrated Marketing Communications plan.Their potential using force and social impact are unmatched, ND they speak to the biggest open door for the Red Cross (Table 2). Market Parameter Breakdown Geographic region Primary emphasis on major coastal cities Urban 18-31 Male and Female Generation Y/Millennial Socioeconomic Income $1 5,000+ Bachelor's Degree or Greater High managerial and innovative Captivated, eager, extroverted, tech-sharp, incline subordinate, family-focused, autonomous Market Parameter Family/group turned, status-driven, cash cognizant, exceptionally energetic Table 2.Target Market Analysis According to the Pew Research Center in 2010, more than 80% Millennial lived in cities. In the United States, major cities are mainly on the coast. People of this generation are in the age group born in 1979 until 1994, I. E. Most of them in 2010 were already adults. Representatives of Generation X are very energetic and creative. Are not conservative, but have high family values. Older age group of generation is already married, have a stable income and personal possessions. . 2. MIMIC objectives of American Red Cross campaign The American Red Cross entered the final quarter of 2009 with a financing shortfall Their deliberations to close the pay hole had been ruined by lower than foreseen peaceable offering because of an absence of significant Ð’Â «top news storyÐ’Â » debacles an the nation's monetary emergency. Circular segment needed to catch a more noteworthy offer of occasion and year-end giving so as to meet their yearly plan objective.Th e key test: Most benefactors think about the Red Cross as the association to backing when a real catastrophe hits. Few would relate the occasion with providing for the Red Cross. Also they be going after offer of brain and wallet – against other settled philanthropy battles that have gotten to be occasion customs. Also they needed to work quick. They started arranging the procedure, imaginative and media in mid-September for a Thanksgiving dispatch. Everything organization need to set goals, destinations are vital they center associations.Organizations that have particular points are typically more effective than those that do not; on cacao of a business with targets realizes what it is attempting to accomplish. Goals might be set in every aspect of the business e. G. Deals, generation, back and promoting. Destination that takes after SMART is more prone to succeed on the grounds that I clear (specific) so you know precisely what needs to be attained. You can tell when has be en attained (measurable) in light of the fact that you have an approach to measure fruition.A SMART goal is liable to happen in light of the fact that it is an occasion that is achievable. Before setting a SMART target applicable variable, for example, assets and time were considered to guarantee that it is realistic. At long I the timescale component gives a due date which helps individuals concentrate on the undertakings needed to accomplish the target. The timescale component stops individuals putting off undertaking fulfillment. Objectives: 1 . Increase revenues by 20% by 2010, and thereby to reduce the deficit in the budge 2. Increase ARC share of holiday/year-end donations.Present a convincing defense for the desperation of providing for the Red Cross in a non-debacle setting. Make a Red Cross organization to collect donations not only during natural hazards by 201 3. Increase awareness of the organization several times during the campaign. 4. Enter an online donation to the c ommon practice of the people during the campaign 2. 3. Marketing MIX of American Red Cross campaign Curve's general system was to make an Ð’Â «encompass soundÐ’Â » impact in the immemorial center amid the season in which contributors are most slanted to give.Into this timeline, they outlined and embedded a multi-channel battle that was a crossover of immediate reaction and marking intended to lift all out reaction. Americans see the Red Cross as the association they rely on in a fiasco. Earnest needs and human enduring persuade them. Anyway, the then-current situating line (Ð’Â «Change a life. Starting with your own. Ð’Â ») did not address ARC's unique quality. The required another subject for the battle that would pass on the desperation of the